The selection of appropriate endpoints for preclinical studies is critical to ensure the safety and efficacy of new drugs, chemicals, and other substances. Endpoints are the measurable parameters used to evaluate the effects of a substance on the animal or cellular system under investigation. The selection of endpoints should be based on the substance’s intended use and the potential risks associated with its use.

The selection of endpoints should be guided by the specific questions that need to be answered in the preclinical study. For example, if the substance is intended to treat a specific disease, the endpoints should focus on the efficacy of the substance in treating that disease. If the substance is intended to be used systemically, then systemic toxicity endpoints should be included.

The selection of endpoints should also consider the potential toxicity of the substance. Endpoints for toxicity should be selected based on the expected toxic effects of the substance. For example, if the substance is known to be hepatotoxic, liver function tests and histopathology evaluation of liver tissue should be included as endpoints.

Endpoints should also be selected based on the animal model or cellular system being used. For example, the selection of endpoints for a rodent model will differ from that for a non-human primate model, as their physiology and biology are different.

The selection of appropriate endpoints is essential to ensure that preclinical studies provide meaningful and relevant data. The selected endpoints should be sensitive and reliable, and should provide a clear understanding of the substance’s effects on the animal or cellular system under investigation. The endpoints should also provide information that can be translated to clinical trials in humans. The selection of appropriate endpoints should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the substance’s intended use, its potential toxicity, and the animal model or cellular system being used.