Developmental toxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to evaluate the potential adverse effects of a substance on prenatal development. These studies are typically conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, or rabbits, to assess the safety of a drug or other substance before testing in humans. The primary objective of developmental toxicity…

Immunotoxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to evaluate the potential of a substance to affect the immune system. These studies are typically conducted in laboratory animals, such as mice or rats, to assess the safety of a drug or other substance before testing in humans. The primary objective of immunotoxicity studies is to…

Carcinogenicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to evaluate the potential of a substance to cause cancer. These studies are typically conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats or mice, to assess the safety of a drug or other substance before testing in humans. The primary objective of carcinogenicity studies is to identify any…

Genotoxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to evaluate the potential ability of a substance to cause damage to the genetic material, such as DNA, in cells. These studies are typically conducted in vitro using cell-based assays or in vivo using laboratory animals, such as mice or rats, to assess the safety of a…

Reproductive toxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to evaluate the potential adverse effects of a substance on reproductive functions and fetal development. These studies are typically conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, rabbits, or monkeys, to assess the safety of a drug or other substance before testing in humans. The primary…

Chronic toxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to assess the potential adverse effects of a substance after repeated exposure over a period of several months to several years. These studies are usually conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, rabbits, or dogs, to evaluate the long-term safety of a drug or other…

Sub-acute toxicity studies are preclinical studies that are conducted to assess the potential adverse effects of a substance after repeated exposure over a period of a few weeks to several months. These studies are usually conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, rabbits, or dogs, to evaluate the safety of a drug or other…

Acute toxicity studies are preclinical studies conducted to assess the potential toxic effects of a drug or other substance after a single exposure or a short-term exposure. These studies are usually conducted in laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, rabbits, or dogs, before testing the substance in humans. The primary objective of acute toxicity studies…

Species selection is an important consideration in preclinical studies, especially in drug development and safety testing. Preclinical studies involve the use of animal models to test the safety and efficacy of potential new drugs or treatments before they can be tested in humans. The selection of an appropriate animal model is critical for the success…

Food toxicology is the study of the effects of natural and synthetic toxins on human health that are found in food. Toxic substances in food can lead to acute and chronic toxicity, causing various illnesses and diseases. In this article, we will explore the field of food toxicology, the common food toxins, and how they…