Disciplines of Toxicology

Four disciplines of toxicology are available, which must be kept in mind during toxicology research.

• Postmortem forensic toxicology
• Human performance toxicology
• Forensic drug testing
• Medical toxicology

Postmortem Forensic Toxicology 

This postmortem forensic toxicology studies whether the drugs or any toxin or poison is the cause of the death or not (read more).

Human Performance Toxicology

This study is related to the influence of drugs or alcohol on human performance, and they observe the behavior of humans as well.

Forensic Drug Testing

Drugs are approved or not, it matters a lot in pharmacology. Forensic drug testing studies the identification and the illegal or legal terms of the drugs used (read more).

Medical Toxicology

Medical toxicology is related to the patients, who faced the poisoned drugs, and scientists observe the toxicology (read more at ScienceDirect).

Limitations

Toxicology research data is sometimes limited, and it has boundaries. No one wants to take a sufficient amount of drug to check the toxicity. The long-term experiment is challenging because it can lead to chronic illness and diseases.

Pharmacology Research Studies

The pharmacology research studies covered the pharmacy field, and this research deals with the drugs, effectiveness, physiological and structure of medicine, etc. 

The pharmacology field has two types.

• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

In pharmacodynamics, the effect of the drugs matters or is observed and the mode of action of drugs. It also includes the physiological impact of drugs.

Pharmacokinetics

After the take of the drug, pharmacokinetics related to the absorbance, distribution, and excretion of the drug in the body, clinical pharmacokinetics is an application of clinical pharmacokinetics.

Pharmacology research studies include the following areas.

Cancer Pharmacology

Cancer pharmacology deals with the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer cells. After the identification of target cells, cancer pharmacology help to diagnose and treatment of the cancer cells.

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

In cardiovascular pharmacology, the researchers studied the effect of drugs on the function of the heart and the blood vessels. Which expert studies or research it, known as a cardiovascular pharmacologist.

Clinical Pharmacology

Clinical pharmacology is related to the study of drugs in human beings. It deals with discovering new molecules, functioning, effect, and many other factors. This field also helps to focus on understanding the drug functioning and the mechanism in humans.

Immunopharmacology

Immunopharmacology is the study of pharmacology related to the immune system. This branch or field of pharmacology research studies is based on the theory, founding, principles, and many more.

Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology

Molecular and biochemical pharmacology study the biochemical and physical characteristics of drugs at the molecular level. They used molecular techniques and studied the interaction of drugs with macromolecules.

Neuroscience and Pain

Pain neuroscience is related to pharmacology. Researchers deal with the pain-related musculoskeletal terms and conditions. They study the phenomenon of neurotransmission.

Limitations

The drug organism reaction and drug the herbs reaction can occur and lead to various issues. Scientists are facing challenges in the field of in-vivo, and drug trials sometimes show different results on animal species. Still, human trials are not allowed before successful animal trials. Sometimes, pharmacologists start losing skill at a specific time, but it depends from drug to drug. This technique is critical as well as necessary.